Activation of the Complement System on Human Endothelial Cells by Urban Particulate Matter Triggers Inflammation-Related Protein Production

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is becoming a major global health issue. The amount and time of exposure to PM are known to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism through which PM affects the vascular system is still not clear. Endothelial cells line the interior surface of blood vessels and actively interact with plasma proteins, including the complement system. Unregulated complement activation caused by invaders, such as pollutants, may promote endothelial inflammation. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether urban PM (UPM) acts on the endothelial environment via the complement system. UPM-treated human endothelial cells with normal human serum showed the deposition of membrane attack complexes (MACs) on the cell surface via the alternative pathway of the complement system. Despite the formation of MACs, cell death was not observed, and cell proliferation was increased in UPM-mediated complement activation. Furthermore, complement activation on endothelial cells stimulated the production of inflammation-related proteins. Our results revealed that UPM could activate the complement system in human endothelial cells and that complement activation regulated inflammatory reaction in microenvironment. These findings provide clues with regard to the role of the complement system in pathophysiologic events of vascular disease elicited by air pollution.     

Solids transport models comparison and fine‐tuning for horizontal,low concentration flow in single‐phase carrier fluid

We determined and fine‐tuned the solids transport models appropriate for predicting the single‐phase carrier fluid velocity to transport solid particles in conduits for horizontal, low concentration flow. A database with 538 experimental data points was compiled. A literature review was performed to determine the data ranges, forces, and mechanisms used to develop 44 models, and their velocity predictions were compared against the database using statistics. Using the dimensionless forms of the models and the data, the model parameters were adjusted to improve their accuracy and identify the dominant forces. At low concentrations: for liquid/solid flow from a bed of solids and gas/solid flow from the bottom of pipelines, the particle weight, and inertial and viscous forces dominate; for gas/solid flow from a bed of solids, the particle weight, and inertial, viscous, and adhesive forces play a role; and gaps exist in the data for large‐diameter pipes and high‐density gases. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 76–122, 2014     

盐酸加替沙星注射液可见异物的探讨

从人、机、料、法和环等5个方面分析了影响盐酸加替沙星注射液可见异物的因素,提出减少可见异物的措施,改善产品的质量。结果表明：以上5个方面可导致可见异物不合格,影响产品质量。针对以上5个方面进行改正和完善可以提高产品质量。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定尿素产品中的煤气化有机物

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定分析尿素产品变色的原因。样品采用三氯甲烷萃取,通过RTX-5MS色谱柱分离,并用GC-MS联用技术对萃取物进行分析,从中分离鉴定了11个成分。结果表明:尿素萃取液中含有甲苯(6.64%),邻硝基苯胺(1.68%),直链烃类(87.23%),邻硝基苯导致尿素变色,并为下一步检测二氧化碳提供依据。     

氯气压缩机扩能改造总结

介绍了氯气压缩机扩能改造方案,并结合实际,提出了改造过程中的注意事项.     

青草沙水库水质监测布点的优化

青草沙水库建成后已成为上海市最重要的饮用水水源地,合理的监测垂线设置对准确掌握水库水质状况有着重要作用。运用TOPSIS法和物元分析法两种手段对水库现有的10条监测垂线进行优化论证,两种方法的优化结果相同,均优化成8条监测垂线。并对结果的合理性进行论证,对不同时段的数据进行分析,结果表明优化结果受水质季节性变化影响较小;优化后的8条监测垂线空间分布均匀,相邻垂线之间无明显的水质突变,表明优化后的点位已能较好地反映库区水环境。     

柴油机颗粒物-氮氧化物减排系统贵金属催化剂研究进展

汽车排放的氮氧化物(NO_x)和碳烟颗粒物(PM)会对环境和人类健康造成严重的危害,但是现有的技术仅能对NO_x或PM的排放实现单独净化。与其他尾气净化技术相比,柴油机颗粒物-氮氧化物减排系统(DPNR)兼具NO_x和PM净化效果,成为下一代NO_x和PM协同净化的首选催化系统。本文综述了DPNR催化反应机理以及系统中NO_x和PM系统净化用的贵金属催化剂的研究进展;总结了Pt基催化剂在不同条件下同时消除NO_x和PM的催化活性,系统地讨论了Ba、K、Mn等元素掺杂对Pt基催化剂的影响。同时归纳比较Ag基、Ru基与Pt基催化剂在PM氧化和NO_x消除方面的区别,为研究开发同时消除NO_x和PM的高效催化剂提供参考。     

碱性氧化剂对水泥固化淤泥强度的影响研究

为消除淤泥中有机质对水泥固化淤泥的不利影响,提出了氧化降解有机质、减薄双电层厚度、维持pH值稳定等对策来提高水泥固化淤泥的强度。采用高铁酸钾和碳酸氢钠作为碱性氧化剂,配合水泥对淤泥进行固化处理。通过无侧限抗压强度试验,初步了解碱性氧化剂对水泥固化淤泥强度的影响规律,并利用有机元素试验、动电电位试验、比表面积试验和SEM等手段,进一步探究碱性氧化剂的固化机理。研究结果表明:掺碱性氧化剂的水泥固化淤泥7d无侧限抗压强度达到了1.536 MPa。碳酸氢钠通过中和有机酸,维持水泥固化淤泥为p H=9～10的碱性环境;该条件下,高铁酸钾能高效降解有机质,除去黏土颗粒表面聚合态的有机质胶膜,有利于SiO_2与Al_2O_3游离于孔隙溶液中,促进水泥水化产物的生成。同时,孔隙溶液中游离的高价阳离子与黏土颗粒表面低价阳离子交换吸附,减薄双电层厚度,引起土颗粒的絮凝团聚。     

高含水率有机质河道底泥压缩性状试验研究

河道底泥的压缩性状是影响河道底泥环保疏浚设计及处置的一个关键因素,采集了4条河道的底泥,针对4种城市河道底泥和过氧化氢处理的底泥开展了一系列物理和压缩试验,研究河道底泥的压缩性状,探讨有机质含量对河道底泥压缩性状的影响规律。试验结果表明,河道底泥的有机质含量变化范围大,河道底泥的压缩性状与底泥的物理性状密切相关,与无机质土类似,初始孔隙比和液限孔隙比是河道底泥压缩性状的两个关键控制因素。有机质对底泥压缩性状的影响可以归结于液限孔隙比的改变,有机质含量主要影响河道底泥的液限和比重,进而导致河道底泥重塑屈服应力σ_(yr)~′和压缩性状发生改变。有机质含量越高,液限孔隙比越大,压缩指数越大,呈现出的压缩性越高。     

Comparison of particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their variability causes in the ambient air in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and in Osaka, Japan, during 2005-2006

A comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with particulate matter (TSP) in the ambient air in an urban area in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and in Osaka, Japan was carried out from 2005 to 2006. The objective of this study was to investigate the environmental levels, emission sources, seasonal variations and health risk of eleven PAHs in the two cities, especially Ho Chi Minh City where air pollution is becoming a serious concern. The results showed that the concentrations of TSP and total PAHs were significantly higher in Ho Chi Minh City than levels in Osaka. The concentrations of 5- and 6-ring PAHs (BeP, BbF, BkF, BaP, BghiP and InP) were much higher in TSP samples in Ho Chi Minh City than in Osaka, accounting for 82% and 51% of total PAHs, respectively. These PAHs are known to be highly carcinogenic and mutagenic in humans. Vehicular emission is suggested as one of the main pollution sources of PAHs in both cities. Motorcycles and gasoline automobiles are suggested as the main emission sources of PAHs in Ho Chi Minh City, whereas diesel automobiles are the primary source in Osaka. Seasonal variations of PAHs were observed in this study; higher concentrations of PAHs were found in the rainy season (May-December) and lower concentrations corresponded to the dry season (February-April) in Ho Chi Minh City, while higher concentrations of PAHs were observed in the winter (November-January) in Osaka. The number of sunshine hours was an important meteorological factor affecting seasonal variations of PAHs in Ho Chi Minh City, while the temperature was a main factor causing the variations of PAHs in Osaka. The high BaP equivalent concentration of 5- and 6-ring PAHs even in the ambient air is an alarming signal for harmfulness to human health and environmental quality in Ho Chi Minh City.